The objectives of this research are to (1) fully characterize the reference material used in (a) AASHTO M 152, “Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement,” (b) AASHTO T 71, “Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar”; T 137 (ASTM C185), “Air content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar”; and (c) AASHTO T 106, “Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Using 50-mm or 2-in cube Specimens,". using fundamental measurement techniques and (2) suggest a more efficient method to produce the reference material.