The current paratransit system plays a vital role in providing transportation for individuals with disabilities. However, it often lacks the spontaneity, convenience, and cost-effectiveness of high-frequency fixed-route transit. Paratransit typically requires advance booking, uses separate fleets, and operates under distinct governance and funding structures, which can lead to higher operational costs and limited flexibility for riders.

As transit networks evolve with more frequent and accessible fixed-route services and the introduction of microtransit for first and last-mile connections, there is an opportunity to enhance paratransit by integrating it with these modes. Allowing paratransit riders to book same-day, spontaneous trips on accessible fixed-routes could bridge the mobility gap, reduce operational costs, and improve resource utilization. However, there is limited research on how to effectively implement this intermodal approach, its potential impact on overall transit costs and rider satisfaction, and the regulatory adjustments needed to support this integration.

This research will focus on developing a strategy for integrating paratransit with fixed-route services, offering recommendations for policy changes to support seamless, equitable, and cost-effective solutions, and providing guidance for technology and operations companies facilitating this integration.

The objective is to evaluate the impact of same-day intermodal paratransit services and provide actionable recommendations for transit agencies, legislators, and regulators.

The research will investigate strategies for implementing an integrated intermodal same-day paratransit solution, addressing potential impacts on system costs, rider satisfaction, infrastructure needs, and available technology solutions. It will also examine the current regulatory and funding environment and recommend adjustments to enhance equity. Additionally, the research will explore whether integrating intermodal paratransit can reduce costs, increase fixed-route ridership, and foster further development of the fixed-route network.