Public–private partnerships (P3) allow public transportation agencies to attract private financing to deliver needed highway infrastructure and not have to wait until the required funding is fully in place via traditional state and federal sources.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 563: Performance Metrics for Public–Private Partnerships documents key performance metrics used in various long-term P3 contracts for the delivery of highway projects, including services by Departments of Transportation (DOTs).