This IDEA project examined the feasibility of a compact, low-cost, scanning millimeter wave (MMW) antenna used to detect obstacles and warn of collision risk for both railroads and automobiles. The Spinning Grating antenna system is unique in that it uses the phenomenon of diffraction to define and steer a beam of MMW energy. This technology was first devised for imaging radar systems for aircraft landing guidance.
This IDEA project investigated the potential of using MMW radar with the Spinning Grating antenna to provide surveillance of highway-railroad grade crossings. Scanned microwave radar has the potential to reliably detect the presence of obstacles in the path of a train under a wide range of weather conditions to initiate preventive action.
Millimeter wave sensors are also candidates for providing the raw data needed by intelligent cruise control and collision warning systems for ITS automotive applications. A scanning sensor is needed to provide more complete spatial information about the roadway ahead. Unlike electronically steered antennas and more traditional gimbal-mounted antennas, the IDEA antenna would likely be inexpensive enough to install in passenger vehicles. The IDEA antenna was chosen by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration as a candidate for comparative testing to define requirements for collision warning and intelligent cruise control.
