Task 12B addressed how state DOTs are changing and need to change in their approach to meeting external driving forces such as resource constraints, customer and public expectations, new federal requirements, and increased legislative and administrative accountability. These external forces are influenced by and reflect to no small degree the economic and social changes assessed in Task 12A. This task assessed the degree to which state DOTs are being transformed from primarily public works agencies (focused on the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of highways) to multimodal transportation departments (addressing the mobility needs of their states).